Cabletron Systems Switch 3T02 04 User Manual

TOKEN RING SWITCH MODULE  
(3T02-04 AND 3T01-04)  
USER GUIDE  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP)  
RING 1  
RX ST  
RING 2  
RX ST  
RING 3  
RX ST  
RING 4  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (UTP)  
RING 1  
RX ST  
RING 2  
RX ST  
RING 3  
RX ST  
RING 4  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
9031875-01  
 
NOTICE  
Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information  
contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron  
Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.  
The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.  
IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL,  
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT  
NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR  
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN  
ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH  
DAMAGES.  
Copyright 1996 by Cabletron Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 5005, Rochester, NH 03866-5005  
All Rights Reserved  
Printed in the United States of America  
Order Number: 9031875-01 May 1996  
All other product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of  
their respective companies.  
Printed on  
Recycled Paper  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
i
 
Notice  
FCC NOTICE  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two  
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any  
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.  
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital  
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable  
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.  
This equipment uses, generates, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in  
accordance with the operator’s manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.  
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user  
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.  
WARNING: Changes or modifications made to this device which are not expressly approved by the  
party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.  
DOC NOTICE  
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital  
apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of  
Communications.  
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables  
aux appareils numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique  
édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.  
VCCI NOTICE  
This equipment is in the 1st Class Category (information equipment to be used in commercial and/or  
industrial areas) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference  
by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI) aimed at preventing radio interference in commercial  
and/or industrial areas.  
Consequently, when used in a residential area or in an adjacent area thereto, radio interference may be  
caused to radios and TV receivers, etc.  
Read the instructions for correct handling.  
ii  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
Notice  
CABLETRON SYSTEMS, INC. PROGRAM LICENSE AGREEMENT  
IMPORTANT: Before utilizing this product, carefully read this License Agreement.  
This document is an agreement between you, the end user, and Cabletron Systems, Inc. (“Cabletron”)  
that sets forth your rights and obligations with respect to the Cabletron software program (the  
“Program”) contained in this package. The Program may be contained in firmware, chips or other  
media. BY UTILIZING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BECOME  
BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, WHICH INCLUDES THE LICENSE AND  
THE LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY. IF YOU DO NOT  
AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNUSED  
PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.  
CABLETRON SOFTWARE PROGRAM LICENSE  
1.  
LICENSE. You have the right to use only the one (1) copy of the Program provided in this  
package subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.  
You may not copy, reproduce or transmit any part of the Program except as permitted by the  
Copyright Act of the United States or as authorized in writing by Cabletron.  
2.  
3.  
OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the  
Program.  
APPLICABLE LAW. This License Agreement shall be interpreted and governed under the laws  
and in the state and federal courts of New Hampshire. You accept the personal jurisdiction and  
venue of the New Hampshire courts.  
EXCLUSION OF WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY  
1.  
EXCLUSION OF WARRANTY. Except as may be specifically provided by Cabletron in  
writing, Cabletron makes no warranty, expressed or implied, concerning the Program (including  
its documentation and media).  
CABLETRON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OTHER THAN THOSE SUPPLIED TO  
YOU BY CABLETRON IN WRITING, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING  
BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND  
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THE PROGRAM, THE  
ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS, AND ANY ACCOMPANYING HARDWARE.  
2.  
NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL  
CABLETRON OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER  
(INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS,  
PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, SPECIAL,  
INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR RELIANCE DAMAGES, OR OTHER LOSS)  
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS CABLETRON PRODUCT,  
EVEN IF CABLETRON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH  
DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR  
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, OR  
ON THE DURATION OR LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, IN SOME  
INSTANCES THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO  
YOU.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
iii  
 
Notice  
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS  
The enclosed product (a) was developed solely at private expense; (b) contains “restricted computer  
software” submitted with restricted rights in accordance with Section 52227-19 (a) through (d) of the  
Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights Clause and its successors, and (c) in all respects  
is proprietary data belonging to Cabletron and/or its suppliers.  
For Department of Defense units, the product is licensed with “Restricted Rights” as defined in the  
DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulations, Section 52.227-7013 (c) (1) (ii) and its  
successors, and use, duplication, disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in  
subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 252.227-  
7013. Cabletron Systems, Inc., 35 Industrial Way, Rochester, New Hampshire 03867-0505.  
iv  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
CONTENTS  
CHAPTER 1  
INTRODUCTION  
1.1 Document Conventions ............................................................... 1-2  
1.2 Related Manuals.......................................................................... 1-3  
1.3 Getting Help................................................................................. 1-3  
1.4 General Description..................................................................... 1-4  
1.5 Standards .................................................................................... 1-5  
1.6 Connectors .................................................................................. 1-5  
1.7 LEDs............................................................................................ 1-6  
CHAPTER 2  
CONNECTING TO THE NETWORK  
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 2-1  
2.2 Power-up LED Sequence............................................................ 2-1  
2.3 Typical Configurations................................................................. 2-2  
2.4 Connecting the Token Ring Module to a Hub.............................. 2-2  
2.4.1 Unshielded Twisted Pair................................................. 2-2  
2.4.2 Shielded Twisted Pair..................................................... 2-3  
CHAPTER 3  
CONFIGURING  
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................. 3-1  
3.2 Connecting the LCM.................................................................... 3-2  
3.3 LCM Commands.......................................................................... 3-3  
3.4 Setting the Ring Speed................................................................ 3-3  
3.5 Configuring the Bridging Type..................................................... 3-4  
3.5.1 Transparent .................................................................... 3-4  
3.5.2 Source Routing and SRT................................................ 3-4  
3.5.2.1 Bridging Method ............................................. 3-4  
3.5.2.2 Segment Number ........................................... 3-5  
3.5.2.3 Bridge Number ............................................... 3-5  
3.6 Translation Options ..................................................................... 3-5  
3.6.1 ARP Translation.............................................................. 3-6  
3.6.2 Source Routing ARP Translation.................................... 3-7  
3.6.3 IPX Translation ............................................................... 3-7  
3.6.4 AppleTalk Translation..................................................... 3-9  
CHAPTER 4  
STATISTICS  
4.1 Displaying Port Status ................................................................. 4-1  
4.2 Module Statistics ......................................................................... 4-4  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
v
 
Contents  
CHAPTER 5  
DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING  
5.1 Power-up Diagnostics..................................................................5-1  
5.1.1 Power-up Tests ...............................................................5-1  
5.1.2 Power-up Results............................................................5-2  
5.2 Operational Diagnostics...............................................................5-2  
5.2.1 Loopback Tests...............................................................5-2  
5.2.2 Diagnostic Results...........................................................5-3  
5.3 Troubleshooting ...........................................................................5-3  
5.3.1 If the Module Fails to Power Up ......................................5-3  
5.3.2 Connectivity Problems.....................................................5-4  
CHAPTER 6  
ADDING/SWAPPING MODULES  
6.1 Unpacking the Token Ring Switch Module ..................................6-1  
6.2 Adding a Token Ring Switch Module...........................................6-1  
6.3 Swapping a Module .....................................................................6-3  
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS  
APPENDIX B BRIDGING METHODS  
B.1 Overview..................................................................................... B-1  
B.2 Transparent Bridging .................................................................. B-2  
B.3 Source Routing Bridging............................................................. B-3  
B.4 Source Routing Transparent Bridging......................................... B-5  
INDEX  
vi  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
CHAPTER 1  
INTRODUCTION  
This manual is for system administrators responsible for configuring,  
monitoring and maintaining the ATX. It should be used with the ATX User  
Guide and the ATX MIB User Guide. The contents of each chapter are  
described below.  
Chapter 1, Introduction, provides general descriptions of the  
modules.  
Chapter 2, Connecting to the Network, describes how to physically  
attach the modules to a Token Ring network.  
Chapter 3, Configuring, discusses the software configuration options  
for the modules.  
Chapter 4, Statistics, provides information on Token Ring port  
statistics.  
Chapter 5, Diagnostics and Troubleshooting, discusses identifying  
possible problems with the modules.  
Chapter 6, Adding/Swapping Modules, gives instructions for adding  
and replacing Token Ring modules.  
Appendix A, Technical Specifications, lists the pertinent technical  
information about the modules.  
Appendix B, Bridging Methods, discusses transparent, source  
routing, and source routing transparent bridging.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 1-1  
 
Chapter 1: Introduction  
1.1 DOCUMENT CONVENTIONS  
The following conventions are used in presenting information in this  
manual:  
Commands, prompts, and information displayed by the computer appear  
in Courier typeface:  
Current Number of Station Addresses: 5  
Current Number of Learned Addresses: 133  
Number of Defined Filters: 4  
Information that you enter appears in Courier bold typeface:  
ATX >status  
Information that you need to enter with a command is enclosed in angle  
brackets <>. For example, you must enter a <ring speed> for the selected  
port:  
ATX >ringspeed <9 16>  
In this example, the ring speed for port 9 is set to 16 megabits/second.  
Field value options appear in bold typeface. For example, a filter type can  
be either Entry or Exit.  
Note symbol. Calls the reader’s attention to any item of  
information that may be of special importance.  
NOTE  
Tip symbol. Conveys helpful hints concerning procedures or  
actions.  
TIP  
Caution symbol. Contains information essential to avoid  
damage to the equipment.  
!
CAUTION  
Warning symbol. Warns against an action that could result in  
equipment damage, personal injury or death.  
Page 1-2  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
Related Manuals  
1.2 RELATED MANUALS  
You may need to refer to the following documentation when you are using  
a Token Ring module:  
ATX User Guide – contains installation and configuration instructions  
for the ATX.  
ATX MIB Reference Guide – contains Cabletron’s enterprise MIB.  
If you need internetworking reference material, you may find the  
following books helpful:  
Interconnections, Bridges and Routers, Radia Perlman, Addison  
Wesley 1992.  
Internetworking with TCP/IP: Protocols, and Architecture (2nd  
edition), Volumes I and II, Douglas Comer, Prentice Hall 1991.  
The Simple Book, An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based  
Internets, Marshall T. Rose, Prentice Hall 1991.  
1.3 GETTING HELP  
If you need additional support related to this device, or if you have any  
questions, comments, or suggestions concerning this manual, contact  
Cabletron Systems Technical Support:  
By phone  
(603) 332-9400  
Monday – Friday; 8 A.M. – 8 P.M. Eastern Time  
GO CTRON from any ! prompt  
ctron.com (134.141.197.25)  
anonymous  
By CompuServe  
By Internet mail  
By FTP  
Login  
Password  
your email address  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 1-3  
 
Chapter 1: Introduction  
1.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION  
Cabletron Systems 3T01-04 and 3T01-02 modules connect the ATX to a 4  
or 16 Mbps Token Ring network. The modules enable connectivity to  
FDDI, Ethernet, and Token Ring Networks, and can be configured to  
support Transparent Spanning Tree, Source Route, or Source Routing  
Transparent Bridging. The ATX is also able to translate higher level  
protocols to allow communication between end-user devices on Token  
Ring and end-user devices on FDDI or Ethernet. Protocols translated  
include: TCP/IP, Novell NetWare, and AppleTalk Phase II.  
The Token Ring module ports can be connected to one Token Ring  
network. The module contains connectors for shielded twisted pair (STP)  
and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling. Each module has eighteen  
LEDs which indicate the current status of the module and the Token Ring  
networks. The offline button allows you to remove the module for  
swapping.  
Up to four Token Ring networks can be attached to either module. The  
module is available in two models: STP (3T01-04) and UTP (3T01-02).  
Each module contains four connectors (STP or UTP), 18 status LEDs,  
and an offline button.  
The Token Ring module may be installed in any of the five interface slots  
and the ATX can simultaneously support up to five Token Ring modules.  
If five of either the 3T01-04 or 3T02-04 modules are installed, up to 20  
networks can be connected.  
Page 1-4  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
Standards  
POWERENSGTAINTTEU  
U
SS  
R
T
B
A
OTUSSTATUS SUPPLYSAUPPLY  
B
1.6 Gbps  
RESET  
PACKET PROCESSING ENGINE  
NMS PORT  
POWER  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP)  
RING  
1
RING  
2
RING  
3
RING  
4
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (UTP)  
RING  
1
RING  
2
RING  
3
RING  
4
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
OFFLINE  
OFFLINE  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP)  
RING  
1
RING  
2
RING  
3
RING  
4
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
A
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
INTELLIGENT FDDI  
FDDI MIC  
OPTICAL BYPASS  
FDDI MIC  
B
THRUWRAPRX PROC  
TX PWR  
RING  
RING  
A
B
MULTI-MODE  
SEGMENT  
MULTI-MODE  
R
QUDI8.3/HRNT10BASE2  
SGMENT4  
                                                                                                      R
P
OFLINE  
SGMENT1  
SGMENT2  
SGMENT3  
QUAD IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET 10BASE2  
/
1
SEGMENT  
2
SEGMENT  
3
SEGMENT  
4
RX  
RX  
TX  
RX  
TX  
RX  
TX  
PROC  
PWR  
TX  
OFFLINE  
Figure 1-1 ATX Front Panel  
1.5 STANDARDS  
The physical and electrical characteristics of the Token Ring module  
conform to the IEEE 802.5 standard. The protocol for the MAC layer is  
specified by the IEEE 802.5 standard while that for the Logical Link  
Layer is specified by the IEEE 802.2.  
1.6 CONNECTORS  
The Token Ring modules are available in versions for either UTP or STP  
lobe cabling. The STP version of the four port Token Ring module has  
four DB9 connectors; the UTP version has four RJ45 connectors. Power  
for the module is provided by the ATX backplane.  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP)  
RING 1  
RX ST  
RING 2  
RX ST  
RING 3  
RX ST  
RING 4  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (UTP)  
RING 1  
RX ST  
RING 2  
RX ST  
RING 3  
RX ST  
RING 4  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
Figure 1-2 3T02-04 and 3T01-04 Front Panels  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 1-5  
 
Chapter 1: Introduction  
1.7 LEDs  
Each Token Ring module provides 18 green LEDs for troubleshooting  
and status monitoring. For each of the four Ring ports there are four LEDs  
labeled RX, TX, ST, and 16. Additionally there are two module LEDs  
labeled PROC and PWR. The LEDs are described in Chapter 5 of this  
manual.  
Page 1-6  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
CHAPTER 2  
CONNECTING TO THE NETWORK  
2.1 INTRODUCTION  
Installation of a Token Ring network typically requires more planning and  
explicit configuration than does a transparently-bridged Ethernet network.  
This chapter provides reference material and instructions that network  
administrators can use to configure the Token Ring modules.  
For instructions on adding a Token Ring module to the ATX, see  
Chapter 6, Adding/Swapping Modules.  
2.2 POWER-UP LED SEQUENCE  
Power up the ATX and observe the LED sequence. It takes about 1 minute  
for the ATX to complete the power-up diagnostics. The ATX begins  
system diagnostics on the PPE (topmost module) and then individually on  
each installed module progressing from top to bottom.  
The power-up LED sequence for the Token Ring module not attached to a  
network is as follows:  
1. All LEDs flash.  
2. The POWER and 16 LEDs remain on.  
3. After a few seconds the PROC LED comes on.  
4. The ST LEDs come on.  
5. The RX and TX LEDs flash briefly.  
6. The ST and PROC LEDs go off.  
7. The PROC LED comes on and the 16 LEDs go off.  
8. The TX and RX LEDs flash briefly.  
9. The Token Ring module then boots with the PROC and PWR LEDs  
on.  
10. All other LED activity beyond this point is a function of the  
configuration and connection of the ATX.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 2-1  
 
Chapter 2: Connecting to the Network  
2.3 TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS  
Physical connectivity to a Token Ring network is provided by either  
shielded twisted pair (STP) or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling that  
connects the Token Ring module to a Hub. Each Token Ring switch  
module provides only one kind of connector, either four DB9 connectors  
for STP cabling or four RJ45 connectors for UTP cabling.  
2.4 CONNECTING THE TOKEN RING MODULE  
TO A HUB  
It is not possible to attach workstations directly to the ATX Token Ring  
port. Either an active or a passive Hub must be used. A passive Hub  
contains fairly simple electronics (principally relays) which form a  
self-healing electrical ring. An active Hub contains more sophisticated  
ring-maintenance circuitry and may be manageable.  
2.4.1  
Unshielded Twisted Pair  
When using Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling in a Token Ring  
environment, make sure that it conforms to the specifications in Table 2-1  
(this assumes patch cables that are no longer than 8 feet or 2.4 meters):  
Table 2-1 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabling Specifications  
a
Data Rate  
Compatibility  
Cable Type  
Longest Lobe  
IBM and IEEE  
UTP 802.5  
Token Ring  
EIA/TIA Category 3/4  
EIA/TIA Category 5  
100 m (328 ft.)  
125 m (410 ft.)  
4 Mbps  
IBM and IEEE  
UTP 802.5  
Token Ring  
EIA/TIA Category 3/4  
EIA/TIA Category 5  
45 m (147 ft.)  
45 m (147 ft.)  
16 Mbps  
a. To assure compatibility with future LANs, the longest lobe should be limited to  
100 meters.  
Page 2-2  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
Connecting the Token Ring Module to a Hub  
Refer to the Hub manufacturer’s manual for specific cabling information  
for connecting workstations to the Hub.  
To connect the Token Ring module to a UTP Hub, attach one end of a  
UTP cable to the Token Ring module’s RJ45 connector and connect the  
other end with the appropriate connector to any port except the Ring In or  
Ring Out ports on a UTP Hub. The Ring In/Ring Out ports are used for  
interconnecting Hubs. Refer to the example shown in Figure 2-1.  
Figure 2-1 Connecting a Token Ring Module to a UTP Hub  
2.4.2  
Shielded Twisted Pair  
When using Shielded Twisted Pair cabling, refer to the following (this  
assumes patch cables that are no longer than 8 feet or 2.4 meters):  
Table 2-2 Shielded Twisted Pair Cabling Specifications  
a
Data Rate  
Compatibility  
Cable Type  
Longest Lobe  
IBM and IEEE  
802.5 Token  
Ring  
4 Mbps  
IBM Types 1  
240 m (787 ft.)  
IBM and IEEE  
802.5 Token  
Ring  
16 Mbps  
IBM Types 1  
100 m (328 ft.)  
a. To assure compatibility with future LANs, the longest lobe should be limited to  
100 meters.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 2-3  
 
 
To connect to an STP MAU, attach the DB9 end of a Token Ring adapter  
cable to the Token Ring module’s DB9 connector. Attach the Media  
Interface Connector (MIC), on the other end of the cable, to any port  
except the Ring-In or Ring-Out ports on a STP MAU. The Ring-In/  
Ring-Out ports are used for interconnecting MAUs. Refer to the example  
shown in Figure 2-2.  
QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP)  
RING  
1
RING  
2
RING  
3
RING  
4
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST  
RX ST PROC  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16  
TX 16 PWR  
OFFLINE  
RI  
RO  
Figure 2-2 Connecting a Token Ring Module to an STP MAU  
Page 2-4  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
 
CHAPTER 3  
CONFIGURING  
3.1 INTRODUCTION  
You can configure the Token Ring module using the Local Console  
Manager (LCM), which allows you to monitor, manage, and configure  
your ATX through an out-of-band RS-232 connection. You can also use  
any SNMP compliant network management system.  
For more details about LCM, see your ATX User Guide. For details about  
the other network management software, refer to the product’s  
documentation.  
The following attributes are configurable using LCM:  
Speed of the Token Ring network (4 or 16 Mbps)  
Port's IP address for originating and receiving IP packets  
Enabling/disabling a port's Transparent Spanning Tree, Source  
Routing or Source Routing Transparent mode  
Protocol translations  
Additionally, the following attributes are configurable using network  
management software (refer to the network management software  
documentation for specific instructions):  
48-bit unique MAC address  
Alarm thresholds for hardware errors  
Parameters for diagnostic loopback testing of a port  
Filtering normally occurs as part of the Transparent Spanning Tree and  
Source Routing algorithms. In addition, configurable criteria may be  
established for filtering, to allow greater management control for security  
or network congestion reasons. All configured filtering criteria are  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 3-1  
 
Chapter 3: Configuring  
maintained in non-volatile memory and are saved across power cycles.  
Filtering information is covered in the ATX User Guide.  
Once the Token Ring module is installed in the ATX, the ring  
speed must be configured prior to connecting the module to a  
NOTE  
network. The default ring speed is 4 Mbps; the ring speed only  
needs to be configured if your network is running at 16 Mbps.  
After the ring speed is set, you may connect the module to a network and  
then complete the software configuration, or you could complete all the  
software configurations and then attach the module to a network.  
3.2 CONNECTING THE LCM  
Connect the Local Console Manager (LCM) to the ATX. Refer to  
Chapter 2, Installation, of the ATX User Guide for specific instructions.  
Make sure the ATX is powered on and press the <Return> key twice.  
When the ATX> prompt appears LCM is ready to use.  
3.3 LCM COMMANDS  
Refer to the ATX User Guide for the generic LCM commands. Familiarize  
yourself with LCM before configuring the module.  
Specific instructions for setting the ring speed, enabling/disabling a port’s  
bridging type, and translations for the Token Ring module follow in this  
chapter.  
If you are enabling IP routing, you need to assign addresses to the ports  
which will be performing routing functions. Refer to the ATX User Guide  
for instructions on assigning an IP address.  
Page 3-2  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
Setting the Ring Speed  
3.4 SETTING THE RING SPEED  
Before the Token Ring module can be connected to a network, the ring  
speed must be set. Token Ring signaling takes place at either 4 or 16  
Mbps. The default setting is for 4 Mbps. All stations on the same ring  
must operate at the same speed.  
A single station configured to the wrong speed may bring down  
the entire ring, therefore, the ATX should be configured to the  
appropriate speed before physically connecting it to the  
!
CAUTION  
network.  
Using LCM, at the ATX> prompt, type ringspeedfollowed by the port  
number and the desired speed. For example, to set port 9 to 16 Mbps type:  
ATX> ringspeed 9 16  
The LCM displays 16000000 bits/second.  
If set to 4 Mbps, LCM displays 4000000 bits/second.  
The Token Ring modules include an LED for each Token Ring port that  
indicates for which speed the port is configured. If the port is configured  
for 16 Mbps, the LED will be on; if configured for 4 Mbps, the LED will  
be off. For Token Ring Switch Modules, set each port’s ring speed, if  
necessary.  
3.5 CONFIGURING THE BRIDGING TYPE  
3.5.1  
Transparent  
The ATX defaults to transparent bridging for all ports. If this is  
acceptable, no further configuration is necessary.  
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Chapter 3: Configuring  
3.5.2  
Source Routing and SRT  
Source routing and SRT bridging can be configured from LCM, or from a  
generic MIB browser. It is necessary to configure:  
Bridging method for each port  
Segment (ring) number for each port  
Bridge number for the ATX as a whole  
A port must be configured for source routing or SRT before configuring  
the segment and bridge numbers. Unlike transparent bridging, source  
routing and SRT require explicit designation of segment (ring) numbers  
and bridge numbers.  
3.5.2.1 Bridging Method  
To configure bridging from LCM, enter bridgefollowed by the port  
number, and the keyword srfor source routing or srtfor source routing  
transparent. For example, to enable IBM source routing on Token Ring  
port 9, type:  
ATX> bridge 9 sr  
To change the port back to transparent bridging, type:  
ATX> bridge 9 transparent  
3.5.2.2 Segment Number  
Segment numbers range from 1 to 4095 and must be unique within the  
bridged network. To set the segment number from LCM for either source  
routing or source routing transparent, use the srsegmentcommand,  
followed by the port number and the desired segment number. For  
example, to set the segment number for port 9 to 109, enter:  
ATX> srsegment 9 109  
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Translation Options  
3.5.2.3 Bridge Number  
The ATX, unlike some multiport source routing bridges, does not impute  
an internal pseudo-ring, and so its bridge number must be unique on each  
of the segments to which it is attached. The omission of the pseudo-ring  
has the advantage of increasing the allowable network diameter by  
consuming one hop per transit instead of two.  
Bridge numbers range from 1 to 15 and must be unique between any pair  
of segments. To set the bridge number from LCM for either source  
routing or source routing transparent, use the srbridgecommand  
followed by its value. For example, to set the bridge number to 7, enter:  
ATX> srbridge 7  
3.6 TRANSLATION OPTIONS  
The ATX offers unique abilities to bridge between Ethernet and Token  
Ring (as well as FDDI), despite protocol differences between the  
dissimilar media. The ATX provides a number of options for overcoming  
translating problems. The options are specific to the higher-layer protocol  
family.  
You can set the types of translations that are available for Token Ring  
ports. Ports may have a combination of different translation types. The  
translation options are:  
ARP - translates incoming and/or outgoing ARP packets  
srArp - translates incoming ARP packets that are source routing  
explorer frames  
IPX - translates incoming and outgoing Novell IPX packets  
APPLE - translates incoming and outgoing AppleTalk ELAP, TLAP,  
and AARP packets  
The types of custom mixed LAN translations that are available, as well as  
the translations that have been activated for your Token Ring ports, can be  
displayed. (Currently, custom mixed LAN translations may only be  
specified for Token Ring ports.) To display this information enter:  
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Chapter 3: Configuring  
ATX> translate  
To display the translations that have been activated for indicated ports,  
enter translatefollowed by a Token Ring port range. For example:  
ATX> translate 2-4  
To display the options that are available for the specified translation type,  
enter:  
ATX> translate port range translation type  
Token Ring ports may have any combination of the different translation  
types. To enable the translation type in the manner specified by option for  
the indicated ports, enter:  
ATX> translate {port range} {translation type} option  
To disable all translation types for the indicated ports enter:  
ATX> translate {port range} none  
3.6.1  
ARP Translation  
The ARP translation options are intended to compensate for any likely  
implementation of IP's ARP on 802.5 Token Rings. The possibilities for  
option are the following:  
Off – no special ARP translation to be performed  
Bitswap1 – embedded MAC addresses forARP packets with hardware  
type 1 (Ethernet) will be bit swapped (this applies to all ARP packets  
received by the port, and to all ARP packets to be transmitted by the  
port).  
Bitswap6 – embedded MAC addresses forARP packets with hardware  
type 6 (IEEE 802) will be bit swapped (this applies to all ARP packets  
received by the port, and to all ARP packets to be transmitted by the  
port).  
Bitswap61 – both type 1 and type 6 ARP packets will be bit swapped.  
Oneto6 – incoming type 6 ARP packets will be changed to type 1 and  
outgoing type 1 ARP packets will be changed to type 6, both without  
bit swapping.  
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Translation Options  
Oneto6swap – incoming type 6 ARP packets will be converted to type  
1 and outgoing type 1 to type 6, with embedded addresses bit swapped.  
3.6.2  
Source Routing ARP Translation  
The Source Routing ARP translation options specify when bridging IP  
ARP packets that are source routing explorer frames, whether the routing  
information is to be stripped or propagated. The possibilities for option  
are the following:  
Off – no special ARP translation is to be performed.  
PassRif – the packet is bridged as is, with route discovery proceeding  
as expected (the passRif option is identical to the off option).  
StripRif – the routing information field is stripped before being  
propagated (this option allows non source routing (e.g., Ethernet) IP  
hosts to communicate transparently).  
PassBoth – both the original source routed packet and its transparent  
equivalent are propagated (this option provides maximum  
connectivity at some expense in network traffic).  
3.6.3  
IPX Translation  
The IPX translation options specify, when bridging Novell IPX packets,  
whether the packets are to be translated to Ethernet-like format. The  
possibilities for option are:  
Off – no special IPX translation is to be performed  
On – the default IPX translation of the switch is to be performed (If no  
ports have any IPX options, then the default option is ethernet8023.)  
Ethernet8023 – the 802.3 header is to be used without an 802.2 frame  
(this also changes the default to Ethernet 8023 framing)  
Ethernet2 – Ethernet 2 framing is to be used, with ether Type 8137  
(this changes the default to Ethernet2 framing)  
Ethernet8022 – the LLC header e0, e0, 03 is to be used in conjunction  
with the 802.3 header (this also changes the default to ethernet8022  
framing)  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
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Chapter 3: Configuring  
All Token Ring ports that have IPX translation enabled should  
always use the same option.  
NOTE  
To enable the default option for port 5, enter:  
ATX> translate 5 ipx on  
To change the default to ethernet2, and change the IPX option to  
ethernet2 for ports 5 and 6.  
ATX> translate 6 ipx ethernet2  
To change the default to ethernet8022, and change the IPX option to  
ethernet8022 for ports 5, 6, and 7.  
ATX> translate 7 ipx ethernet8022  
3.6.4  
AppleTalk Translation  
AppleTalk Phase 1 does not exist on Token Ring and so is not a  
concern here. Also, since the ATX does not have physical  
LocalTalk connections, LocalTalk/LLAP is not a concern. Apple  
Macintoshes may be attached directly to standard LANs or may  
employ various LocalTalk-to-Ethernet routers to access LAN  
internetworks.  
NOTE  
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Translation Options  
Ethernet AppleTalk (ELAP) differs from Token Ring AppleTalk (TLAP)  
in AARP packets and in the use of zone multicast addresses. If so  
configured, the ATX will translate AARP packets and will exchange zone  
multicast addresses as needed.  
On Token Ring, certain AppleTalk packets are transmitted as  
source routing explorers. If translation is enabled, the ATX will  
NOTE  
pass both the original frame and a stripped copy of the frame.  
This may double the multicast traffic on the Internet. Given  
AppleTalk’s propensity for frequent multicast packets, network  
administrators should use this option with care.  
The AppleTalk translation options specify when bridging AppleTalk  
ELAP, TLAP, and AARP packets, whether the packets are to be translated  
to Ethernet-like format. The possibilities for option are:  
Off - perform no translation  
On - translate the packets  
To enable AppleTalk translation from LCM, enter translatefollowed by  
a Token Ring port range, appleand on. For example:  
ATX> translate 4-6 apple on  
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Chapter 3: Configuring  
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Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
CHAPTER 4  
STATISTICS  
4.1 DISPLAYING PORT STATUS  
Using LCM, you can obtain the status of a specific Token Ring port by  
typing status <port number>. (Type statusto display all the ATX port  
numbers.) A sample display of a Token Ring port status is shown below.  
ATX >status 7  
Port 7 (1st port on module 3) Status  
Type: 4Mbps 802.5 Token Ring  
Bridging: Source Routing Transparent Bridging (segment=0,  
bridge=0)  
Routing: IP Routing  
Enabled/Disabled: Bridging/Routing functions enabled  
Spanning Tree: Forwarding  
Packets Transmitted: 324  
Packets Received: 627  
Small Buffers: 65  
RxQ Overflows: 37  
Ring State: Open  
Ring Status: No Problems  
The status of a Token Ring port includes the following information:  
Type - whether the ring is operating at 4 or 16 Mbps, and the module  
type, i.e., 802.5 Token Ring.  
Bridging - which functions have been enabled for bridging (see the  
bridgecommand).  
Routing - which functions have been enabled for routing (see iproute  
and ipxroutecommands in your NMS manual).  
Enabled/Disabled - enabled if it is operational, or disabled if you used  
the disablecommand to disable it. If the port is enabled but not  
operational, its status will be broken. (A port could be broken if it is so  
badly misconfigured as to be unusable. You might also see a status of  
broken if an FDDI or Token Ring port can’t connect to a logical ring,  
or if an Ethernet port continually fails as it tries to transmit.). Refer to  
your NMS manual for commands.  
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Chapter 4: Statistics  
Spanning Tree - the port's Spanning Tree state. This entry shows status  
only; it is not selectable. The following states apply to Spanning Tree:  
-
Blocking - The port is not currently the designated port to the LAN  
and is therefore not forwarding any packets. (This means there is  
another route to that LAN and, since the Spanning Tree protocol  
does not allow simultaneous redundant paths, this port is blocked.  
If the other route to that LAN goes down, this port would then  
begin forwarding packets.)  
-
-
Listening - The port is listening for other bridges on the network  
to determine if it should go to the forwarding or blocking state.  
Learning - The port is listening for other bridges on the network  
and making a table of addresses from packets that it has received.  
Once the port goes to the forwarding state, it can then use the  
address information it has learned.  
-
-
Forwarding - The port is the designated port for the LAN and is  
forwarding packets and sending out bridge protocol packets.  
Broken - The port is not forwarding packets. Reasons include no  
cable connected, no link status, the ring is not operational, or an  
NMS has disabled the port.  
-
Disabled - The port is not configured for Spanning Tree.  
Packets Transmitted - number of packets transmitted from the port.  
This entry shows status only; it is not selectable. This includes any  
packets that might have experienced transmission errors. (The port’s  
statistics are reset whenever the port is started.)  
Packets Received - number of good packets received through the port.  
This entry shows status only; it is not selectable. Packets with  
reception errors are not included, nor are packets local to that segment  
that are hardware filtered.  
Small Buffers - number of buffers currently assigned to the port (see  
RX_Q Overflows below). This entry shows status only; it is not  
selectable.  
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Displaying Port Status  
RX_Q Overflows - number of incoming packets dropped by the port  
due to a lack of buffers. This entry shows status only; it is not  
selectable. After a reboot, the ATX tries to automatically re-allocate  
the Small Buffers among the ports so that the total number of RX_Q  
Overflows is minimized.  
Ring State - either opened, closed, or ring failure. This entry shows  
status only; it is not selectable.  
Ring Status - normally No Problems Detected. This entry shows status  
only; it is not selectable. If there are ring problems, one of the  
following will be displayed:  
-
Ring Recovery - This could be a normal state, indicating that a  
new station has just inserted into the ring and temporarily broken  
it. The ring should be back to normal in seconds. If it is not, check  
for stuck relays on a passive MAU, DB9 connectors plugged into  
the video port, mismatched ring speed (some stations at 4, some at  
16), or poor wiring or connections.  
-
-
Single Station - The module’s Token Ring port is the only station  
it sees on the ring.  
Auto Removal - There is a serious problem with the connection,  
which resulted in the Token Ring port removing itself from the  
ring. Check the conditions listed under Ring Recovery.  
-
-
Lobe Wire Fault - The cable between the ATX and the MAU is  
defective causing the loopback test to fail. Therefore, the Token  
Ring port isn’t inserted into the ring.  
Soft Error - Historically indicates that an error has occurred. This  
can be caused by inserting a new station into the ring. Since this  
value represents a historical set, it may not necessarily indicate a  
current error condition.  
-
-
-
Hard Error - This frequently occurs when a new station is inserted  
into the ring; it can be ignored.  
Transmitting Beaconing - As state similar to Ring Recovery.  
Follow the guidelines above.  
Signal Loss - The Token Ring port is unable to communicate with  
the ring.  
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Chapter 4: Statistics  
-
Remove Received - The Token Ring port has removed itself from  
the ring.  
All of the counter values are reset to zeros if the ATX is  
rebooted or if the module housing that port is halted and  
restarted.  
NOTE  
4.2 MODULE STATISTICS  
Interface-related statistics are maintained for NMS examination in several  
portions of the management information base (MIB). These include the  
“if” portion of MIB II, the bridge MIB[5], the 802.5 MIB, and proprietary  
MIB entries. The proprietary MIB port statistics are summarized below:  
sifRxPackets- The number of received packets by category. Each of  
the possible 25 categories is the cross-product of the five destination  
addresses and the five forwarding outcomes (see Table 4-1).  
Table 4-1 Destination Addresses and Forwarding Outcomes  
Destination Address  
Forwarding Outcome  
1. a bridge management unicast  
address  
i. packet forwarded  
2. a bridge management multicast  
address  
ii. packet filtered (local traffic)  
3. a known non-management  
address  
iii. packet filtered (port blocked)  
iv. packet filtered (source restriction)  
4. an unknown non-management  
unicast address  
5. an unknown non-management  
multicast address  
v. packet filtered (destination  
restriction)  
sifRxChar0s- The number of characters in the forwarded received  
packets.  
sifRxChar1s- The number of characters in the filtered received  
packets.  
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Module Statistics  
sifRxSizeErrors- The number of received packets discarded due to  
size errors.  
sifRxHwFCSs- The number of received packets discarded due to FCS  
errors.  
sifTxPackets- The number of transmitted packets divided into five  
categories. The number of packets in each category is encoded as a  
series of 4 bytes, which should be converted into a 32 bit counter. The  
five categories of destination addresses are described in Table 4-1.  
sifTxCongests- The number of packets not transmitted due to transmit  
congestion.  
sifTxStorms- The number of packets not sent due to protection against  
a multicast storm.  
sifTxDests- The number of packets not sent due to a destination port  
filtering restriction.  
sifTxSizes- The number of packets not sent due to size limitations.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
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Chapter 4: Statistics  
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Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
CHAPTER 5  
DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING  
5.1 POWER-UP DIAGNOSTICS  
5.1.1  
Power-up Tests  
The power-up diagnostics assure that the ATX and all the installed  
modules are operational. During diagnostic mode, the status LEDs are  
used differently than during normal operation.  
When the ATX is powered-up, it automatically senses the installed boards  
and reassigns port numbers starting with the PPE as port 1.  
During a normal power-up test, the diagnostics test the entire ATX  
starting with the PPE and proceeding slot by slot from the top down. The  
normal power-up sequence is described in Chapter 2, Connecting to the  
Network.  
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Chapter 5: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting  
5.1.2  
Power-up Results  
After completion of the power-up diagnostic sequence, all status LEDs on  
the ATX front panel should be on (lit), indicating that the modules have  
passed the power-up tests.  
Refer to Table 5-1 for descriptions of the LEDs during normal operation.  
Table 5-1 Meaning of LEDs  
LED  
Meaning  
RX  
Token Ring port is receiving data (LED flashes)  
Ring status of port, on if port is inserted into the ring  
Token Ring processor is ready for operation (LED on)  
Token Ring port is transmitting data (LED flashes)  
ST  
PROC  
TX  
If LED is on, then port ring speed is set for 16 Mbps, if not on then  
port ring speed is set for 4 Mbps  
16  
POWER  
Token Ring module hardware is receiving power (LED on)  
5.2 OPERATIONAL DIAGNOSTICS  
5.2.1 Loopback Tests  
Built-in local and remote loopback tests can be used to test individual  
ports while the ATX is operational. When in local loopback, a port is  
disconnected from its network. The ATX generates loopback packets for  
the port, and the port loops the packets back without sending them onto its  
network.  
During a remote loopback test, the port is in normal operation, sending  
and receiving packets to its network. The ATX generates loopback  
packets which are sent out of the port to a particular destination device on  
the port’s network. The destination device echoes the packet back onto the  
network, and the originating port receives the packet.  
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Troubleshooting  
For both types of tests, normal operation is indicated when generated  
packets are received back (after looping) without errors. For remote  
loopback tests, the ATX creates LLC Type 1 test packets for LANs and  
PPP echo-request packets for WANs and UARTs.  
Both types of loopback tests can be initiated by the NMS, and test results  
are reported to the NMS.  
5.2.2  
Diagnostic Results  
The ATX diagnostic results are indicated in two ways: by observing the  
front panel LEDs (which are explained later in this chapter) or by reading  
NMS trap messages. Both power-up and loopback diagnostics produce  
traps, which are sent to the NMS and may be logged for future reference.  
In some cases it may be more convenient to simply observe the LEDs, but  
in most cases traps provide more information. There are no LEDs for the  
loopback tests—the results of these tests must be observed (i.e., accurate  
packet transmission) or read using an NMS (i.e., examine traps).  
5.3 TROUBLESHOOTING  
5.3.1  
If the Module Fails to Power Up  
If the Token Ring module fails to power up when the ATX is on and  
functioning properly:  
1. Check the status of ports using LCM.  
2. Reset the Token Ring module and observe the power-up sequence  
again.  
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Chapter 5: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting  
3. If the sequence is still abnormal:  
a. Remove the interface module by unscrewing the two retaining  
screws on the module’s front panel. Pull the module out using the  
“ears” on the front panel.  
b. Carefully but firmly press down on all socketed components.  
c. Re-install the module. Make sure the module is properly seated  
and tighten the retaining screws.  
d. Reset the ATX and observe the power-up sequence.  
4. If it is still abnormal, contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support.  
5.3.2  
Connectivity Problems  
If the Token Ring module powers up normally but the workstations are  
unable to communicate:  
1. Check the LEDs for abnormalities which may help indicate the source  
of the problem. (LED behavior during normal operation is explained  
earlier in this chapter.)  
2. Check the status of the ports using LCM.  
3. Make sure the ring speed for all stations on the same ring are set for  
the same speed. One station configured for a different speed may  
disrupt ring operation.  
4. Check for loose connections between the Token Ring module and the  
MAU and between the MAU and the workstations. Remember, the  
Token Ring ports cannot be connected directly to workstations. Also  
refer to the MAU’s documentation for additional information, such as  
wrapped or open ports.  
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Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
CHAPTER 6  
ADDING/SWAPPING MODULES  
Once you have received your ATX, you may want to add a new module to  
expand your network bandwidth, replace a module with a module of a  
different type, or swap a module with another module of the same type. If  
you are:  
Adding a module to a previously vacant slot or to a slot that had a  
different type of module, refer to the section Adding a Token Ring  
Switch Module below, for instructions.  
Replacing a Token Ring module, refer to Section 6.3, Swapping a  
Module, for instructions.  
Before adding or swapping modules, refer to the latest version of the ATX  
Release Notes (provided with your ATX software) for information about  
software and hardware version numbers and compatibility.  
6.1 UNPACKING THE TOKEN RING SWITCH MODULE  
Unpack the module carefully, handling it by the edges only, and inspect it  
for possible damage. If any damage is evident, contact Cabletron Systems  
Technical Support immediately. Save the original container and antistatic  
wrap in case the module needs to be repaired.  
6.2 ADDING A TOKEN RING SWITCH MODULE  
If the module you are adding is of a different type than the module that  
previously occupied that slot, or if the slot was previously vacant, you  
have to reboot the ATX so it will recognize the new module.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page 6-1  
 
 
Chapter 6: Adding/Swapping Modules  
If the module you are adding has a different number of ports than the  
module you are removing, before you can power cycle the ATX you must:  
Delete all static addresses  
Delete all ARP addresses and IP routing table entries  
Delete all filters  
1. Make sure the ATX is powered off.  
2. Remove the network connections from the module you are going to  
replace.  
3. Loosen the screws at each end of the front panel of the interface  
module you are going to replace.  
4. Remove the installed interface module by pulling gently but firmly on  
the ears at the ends of the module's front panel.  
5. Gently slide the new module into the plastic guides in the module slot  
until it is completely inserted. Push the module firmly into place, as far  
as it will go, to fully engage the connectors at the back of the module  
with the backplane at the rear of the ATX chassis.  
6. Tighten the screws on each side of the Token Ring module front panel.  
7. Power on the ATX, and check the module LED power-on sequence as  
described in Chapter 2, Connecting to the Network.  
8. Make the connections to the network as described in Chapter 2.  
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Swapping a Module  
6.3 SWAPPING A MODULE  
When swapping identical modules, it is recommended that you remove  
power from the ATX. However, the module you are replacing must be  
taken offline first, as described below.  
1. Take the module to be replaced offline, either by pressing the  
OFFLINE button on the module front panel, or by using the Local  
Console Manager offlinecommand.  
2. Remove power from the ATX.  
3. Remove the network connections from the module. Note the ports to  
which the network connections attach.  
4. Loosen the screws at each end of the front panel of the module to be  
replaced.  
5. Remove the installed module by pulling gently but firmly on the ears  
at the ends of the module's front panel.  
6. Gently slide the new module into the plastic guides in the module slot  
until it is completely inserted. Push the module firmly into place, as far  
as it will go, to fully engage the connectors at the back of the module  
with the backplane at the rear of the ATX chassis.  
7. Tighten the screws on each side of the module’s front panel.  
8. If you took the original module offline by pressing the OFFLINE  
button, the new Token Ring module will automatically come back on  
line when it is inserted in the slot.  
9. If you used the LCM offlinecommand to take the original module  
offline, you must use the onlinecommand to bring the new module  
online.  
10. Check the module LED power-on sequence as described in Chapter 2,  
Connecting to the Network.  
11. Make the connections to the network as described in Chapter 2.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
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Chapter 6: Adding/Swapping Modules  
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Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
APPENDIX A  
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS  
Standards Compliance  
IEEE 802.5, 802.2, 802.5m, 802.1(d)  
Compatible with IBM Token-Ring environments  
IBM Source Routing  
Protocol Translations  
TCP/IP  
IPX  
AppleTalk  
Dimensions  
Length:  
Width:  
Weight:  
30.99 cm (12.2 in)  
24.13 cm (9.5 in)  
1.02 Kg (2.25 lb)  
Environmental Requirements  
Operating temperature  
Storage temperature  
Relative humidity  
5˚ C to 40˚ C (41˚ F to 104˚ F)  
-30˚ C to 90˚ C (-22˚ F to 194˚ F)  
0% to 95%, non-condensing  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page A-1  
 
Appendix A: Technical Specifications  
Connectors  
DB9 for STP  
RJ45 for UTP  
LEDs  
Power  
Module status  
Ring speed  
Ring status  
Receive activity  
Transmit activity  
Bridging Domains  
Transparent  
Source Routing  
Source Routing Transparent  
Certifications  
Safety  
UL 1950, CSA C22.2 950, EN60950, and  
IEC 950  
Emission  
Immunity  
FCC Part 15 Class A, EN55022 Class A, and  
VCCI Class I  
EN50082-1  
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APPENDIX B  
BRIDGING METHODS  
B.1 OVERVIEW  
Each port of the ATX can be configured for transparent (802.1d) bridging,  
IBM source routing bridging, or source routing transparent bridging  
(802.5M). Depending on network topology, it may be desirable to include  
a mix of these methods within a single ATX.  
The choice of bridging methods is determined both by end station  
requirements and by other internetworking equipment.  
Source routing end stations may use any of the three bridging methods.  
Transparent end stations must use either transparent or SRT bridging.  
When in doubt, transparent bridging is the easiest to configure and use.  
If redundant links are employed along with IBM source routing bridges,  
then the attached ATX port should be configured for source routing. This  
will enable the mesh of bridges to derive a spanning tree suitable for  
spanning tree explorer frames and for multicast packets.  
If source routing is desired, and either Ethernet or FDDI is to be used as a  
backbone between Token Rings, then the Ethernet or FDDI port should be  
configured for SRT bridging. (SRT over Ethernet is not a standard, but is  
available for use between multiple ATX chassis in backbone applications.  
In this case, the “Ethernet” may actually be a microwave or satellite link  
with an Ethernet-like interface.)  
A common mixture of bridging modes may occur when Ethernet  
segments and Token- Ring segments do not exchange data but share an  
FDDI backbone. In this case, the Ethernets may be configured for  
transparent bridging, the Token Rings for source routing, and the FDDI  
backbone for SRT. (Don't infer from this example that SRT is the sum of  
transparent and source routing bridging; it is a distinct third method).  
The bridging method is dependent on the configuration of the bridge entry  
and exit ports, and the value of the Routing Indicator (RII) bit in the  
received frame. The following chart summarizes the interaction between  
the bridging method.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page B-1  
 
Appendix B: Bridging Methods  
Exit Port Configuration  
SRT  
TST  
Entry  
Port  
Config.  
SR  
(Source  
Routing)  
(Source  
Routing  
Transparent)  
(Transparent  
Spanning  
Tree)  
RII  
SRT  
SR  
0
1
0
1
0
1
spanning tree  
source route  
block  
block  
spanning tree  
spanning tree  
block  
a
source route  
block  
source route  
spanning tree  
spanning treea  
block  
block  
TST  
block  
spanning tree  
block  
spanning treea  
a. source address is not learned  
B.2 TRANSPARENT BRIDGING  
Transparent or spanning tree bridging requires no initial programming.  
After being installed on the network, they “learn” and remember the  
location of the attached devices by reading the source addresses of  
incoming packets. Then they place the source address and port  
information in a lookup table.  
When a packet comes into a port, the bridge reads the destination address  
and attempts to find the location of the destination node using its lookup  
table. If the address is in the table, the bridge simply re-transmits the  
packet out of the appropriate port. If the address is not found in the table  
the bridge re-transmits the packet out of all the ports except the source  
port.  
Transparent or spanning tree bridges also usually provide some packet  
filtering capabilities. On some networks it is desirable to prevent certain  
stations from accessing other segments. The ATX uses this bridging  
method.  
Page B-2  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
Source Routing Bridging  
B.3 SOURCE ROUTING BRIDGING  
Source routing bridging (SR) is an alternative to transparent or spanning  
tree bridging, and is widely used in Token Ring networks. The ATX  
supports source routing bridging on Token Ring LANs, and an  
enhancement to source routing called SRT on all LANs.  
With source routing bridging, all networked devices participate in the  
source routing protocol. Each packet that crosses a bridge specifies the  
originator's LAN segment, the particular bridge, and the destination LAN  
segment. It may also specify intermediate LAN segments and bridges.  
Station A  
Bridge B  
Station C  
Ring  
7
Ring  
43  
data packet  
B
address  
43  
7
data  
Figure B-1 Source Routing Example  
In the example in Figure B-1, a data packet traveling from station C on  
LAN 43 through bridge B to station A on LAN 7 must specify the full  
route it is to take. The source station is responsible for specifying the  
route, hence the term “source routing.”  
Bridges in a source routing network must be configured with the LAN  
numbers (normally 1 to 4095) to which it is connected and a bridge  
number (normally 1 to 15). The network administrator chooses the  
numbers; the LAN numbers must be unique in the source routed network  
and the bridge numbers must be unique between each pair of LANs.  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page B-3  
 
 
Appendix B: Bridging Methods  
Source routing workstations need not be configured with route  
information; instead they discover the best route to a destination through  
the use of explorer frames. In the Figure B-1 example, station C might  
first transmit an empty explorer frame. Bridge B would add 43-B-7 as its  
When the packet reaches station A, it can reverse the route to send a reply  
back to C. When C receives the reply, both stations have all of the routing  
information needed to converse, with no further explorer frames needed.  
Part of the original intent of source routing bridging was to enable LANs  
to be richly connected by low-performance, low-cost bridges. As shown  
in Figure B-2, source routing allows an end station to choose a  
less-congested path through a chain of bridges, where each bridge is  
likely to become congested.  
Station C  
Station A  
Congested  
Alternative Route  
Figure B-2 Data Path Using Source Routing Bridging  
In contrast to spanning tree bridging, all bridges and all links are active  
with source routing bridging; the least-congested path is chosen at  
discovery time. With products like the ATX, such congestion avoidance is  
rarely necessary, since the bridge is capable of handling nearly any traffic  
load without experiencing congestion.  
Page B-4  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
 
Source Routing Transparent Bridging  
B.4 SOURCE ROUTING TRANSPARENT BRIDGING  
Source Routing Transparent (SRT) bridging is a method that merges  
IBM-style source routing with transparent spanning tree bridging. If a  
route is present in a packet, then the bridge uses it; otherwise the bridge  
applies transparent learning rules. It represents an attempt by the IEEE  
standards committee to standardize source routing and correct some  
shortcomings in source routing (notably multicast transmission). IEEE  
has defined SRT bridging for Token Rings, and ANSI has incorporated it  
into the FDDI standards. The ATX supports SRT bridging on these, as  
well as on Ethernet (for Ethernet, there is no such standard; the ATX  
provides this as a proprietary backbone service).  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Page B-5  
 
Appendix B: Bridging Methods  
Page B-6  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 
INDEX  
A
L
Adding modules 6-1  
ATX  
LEDs  
diagnostic 5-2  
front panel 1-5  
M
Module statistics 4-4  
B
Bridging  
configuring 3-4  
domains A-2  
method B-1  
source routing B-3  
SRT 3-4, B-5  
transparent B-2  
P
Port status 4-1  
Ports  
statistics 4-4  
Protocol translations A-1  
R
C
Ring speed, setting 3-3  
Certifications A-2  
Configurations 2-2  
Configuring 3-2  
Connectors A-2  
S
Standards compliance 1-5  
Statistics  
module 4-4  
D
port 4-4  
Status  
Diagnostics  
LED 5-2  
ports 4-1  
loopback tests 5-2  
power up 5-1  
results 5-3  
STP  
cabling specifications 2-3  
Swapping a module 6-3  
Dimensions A-1  
Document conventions 1-2  
T
Technical Support 1-3  
Translation options 3-5  
Troubleshooting 5-3  
E
Environmental requirements A-1  
F
U
Filtering 3-2  
Unpacking 6-1  
UTP  
cabling specifications 2-2  
H
Help 1-3  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
Index-1  
 
Index  
Index-2  
Token Ring Switch Module User Guide  
 

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